How Iran’s ‘dark fleet’ keeps oil flowing despite sanctions

Despite US naval blockades and increased scrutiny of the Strait of Hormuz, Iran continues to sustain oil exports through a covert network of tankers and ship-to-ship transfers near Malaysian waters. Satellite imagery indicates at least 42 ship-to-ship transfers have taken place, highlighting Iran’s ‘dark fleet’ operation. US sanctions have been imposed on related entities, but enforcement is difficult due to the network's opaque nature in international waters.